The history of Egypt covers a huge time span, combining the history of the birth, development and extinction of an ancient civilization led by the pharaohs and the modern country, with the tourist industry and orthodox Islamic population . So far the first settlements have appeared here for many millennia before AD, in the prehistoric period . The reasons for choosing this particular territory and no other are very simple . Geographic and climatic features of this region were such that the survival It was possible only on the banks of the Nile River .
Sun Family Club - Best offers for family holidays
Authorized travel agency Coral Travel.
On-line payment of tours.
Especially for the holiday - rest on March 8 .
Season promotion: the top 10 hotels for families.
TUI - European leader in tourism. Check on www.tui.ru
Pre-Dynastic Period
Pre-Dynastic Period or the period before the beginning of the reign of the pharaohs in Egypt - the first important stage in history, which lasted until 3100 AD . e . At this time, an extremely important process is taking place: around the temples, the whole life of the settlements begins to concentrate and a kind of mini- of the state called "nom" . Leaders are nominated by priests acting as rulers . The struggle for power between the priests leads to the fact that there are two large groups in Upper and Lower Egypt, each of which unites about two dozen nomas . The ruler of Upper Egypt, who won in this battle for territories, and became the first pharaoh . His name was preserved in the history . Menes or Mina - the legendary founder of the first dynasty .
Pharaohs' time
The dynastic period lasted about three thousand ti. At least 30 dynasties of pharaohs have changed each other for this long time. The ancient kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, the New Kingdom and the Later Kingdom all belong to this period when the highest points were achieved in the development of Ancient Egypt.
The first strong rulers able to effectively and fruitfully manage the country were the pharaohs of the III-VI dynasties . The capital was Memphis, founded by Menes on the border between Upper and Lower Egypt . Pharaohs become not just the governors of the gods on earth, they themselves become deities worshiped after death . It was at this time that famous for the whole world pyramids-tombs of Giza - the pyramids of Cheops, Chephren and Mikerin - and the Great Sphinx . In total, during 150 years of the reign of the III and IV dynasties, about 16 pyramids were built .
The periods of prosperity in ancient Egypt were followed by periods of decline. There were at least three such transitional moments in the history of the country. The reasons for the weakening of the power of the pharaohs were completely different. Thus, during the Middle Kingdom, the Asiatic Hyksos tribes invade Egypt. Subsequently, the invaders are expelled from the territory, but the damage inflicted by the Hyksos leads to the Second Transitional Period.
| Mysterious Sphinx on guard of times |
| History of Egypt in the flesh |
| Fluffy future of Egypt |
New Kingdom
The peak of the heyday of Egyptian civilization is traditionally considered the New Kingdom . Moreover, the practical and all the pharaohs and people from their surroundings who were known from the pages of the books or screens from the cinemas lived and ruled during this period. . This is, first of all, the famous pharaoh Tutankhamun, a youth ruler who died at the age of 19 . The legend of his the curse according to which all those present at the opening of Tutankhamun's tomb had to die, still haunts the imagination of many visitors to the pyramids . The woman-pharaoh Hatshepsut from the XVIII dynasty, the first widely known ruler in world history, depicted in men's clothes and with a bill of lading and "The Most Beautiful of Beauties", the wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten, the magnificent Nefertiti also lived at that time .
Later kingdom
Later, the kingdom was the last important stage in the dynastic period, which ended first with the conquest of Egypt by the Persian Empire, and then by the great Alexander of Macedon. After Alexander's death, Ptolemy Lah, founder of the Ptolemaic dynasty, takes possession of Egyptian territory. The most famous representative of this kind is Cleopatra, who committed suicide and is familiar to everyone in connection with the tragic love for Roman commander Mark Antony
The era of ancient dynasties left an indelible mark on architecture and culture. After its termination, Egypt was captured by the Greeks, Arabs, Turks, British, French, but perhaps it was the Pharaohs who left the greatest and most mysterious heritage that is part of modern Egypt.