Shlisselburg is a tiny and seemingly inconspicuous town in the Leningrad Region on the shores of Ladoga Lake, which, nevertheless, has played a decisive role in the life of Petersburg more than once. It is the Schlusselburg Fortress "Oreshek", which today is the main attraction of the town, defended the northern capital first from the invasion of the Swedes, and then from the fascist occupation.
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How to get here
You can get to Shlisselburg from the northern capital by shuttle buses that run from the Rybatskoye metro station and the " Dybenko Street ", as well as an electric train from the Finland Station, leaving at Petrokrepost station.
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A bit of history
Shlisselburg was founded at the beginning of the 14th century Novgorod princes, descendants of Alexander Nevsky . Since the city was one of the main lines on the border with Sweden, here immediately was erected a fortress, whose value in the history of this region can not be overestimated . Initially, this defensive structure was a wooden fortress surrounded by powerful earthen ramparts, but after a couple of decades it was, as it often happened at that time, destroyed fire, and the wooden buildings were replaced by stone . But the fortification did not end there and after another century "Oreshek" underwent a serious reconstruction, its area increased, and the fortress walls reached the spots altitude .
For all the history of the fortress's existence it was taken only once, after an eight-month siege in the spring of 1612, it surrendered under the onslaught of Swedish troops.
At the beginning of the 18th century, during the Great Northern War, Noteburg was liberated by the army of Peter I under his personal command, and renamed Shlisselburg, that is, "key-city."
In the 18th century, the fortress lost its defensive importance, and became one of the most terrible prisons in the country. Initially, the prisoners were kept here in damp dungeons, where there was not a single ray of light, for a long time they all sat alone in solitary cells. Many did not withstand such conditions and were deprived of reason. In general, the conclusion here was tantamount to death, long and painful, because for two centuries no prisoner was released, and there was no question of escaping from here.
At one time, in this "Russian Bastille" or Russian "Alcatraz", the princes Golitsyna and Dolgorukov were imprisoned, the Emperor Ivan VI, who was deported from the throne by the daughter of Peter the Great, was also here, and Peter's husband himself was there. Later, the Narodnaya Volya, the Socialist-Revolutionaries and the Decembrists came here in large numbers, Vladimir Lenin's own brother was even executed there.
For the first time, the release of prisoners of the serf prison took place after the revolutionary events of 1905, and after 1917 the prison was abolished and turned into a museum. For the years of existence, several buildings were built here, each with a constant dampness and a sinister twilight
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Oreshek in the years Great Patriotic War
The Oreshek Fortress played an important role in the years of the Great Patriotic War, it became the main defensive point on the outskirts of the besieged Leningrad and ensured the existence of the so-called "Road of Life", through which products were delivered to the city, and from cities evacuated residents . Siege of Petrokrepost (as in Soviet times was called Shlisselburg) lasted more than a year, during this time heroic efforts were not at all A large number of soldiers who swore to defend themselves until the end, was saved tens of thousands of human lives . But the defenders of the city themselves, unfortunately, almost all died, and the fortress suffered serious damage .
Subsequently, a decision was not made to carry out reconstruction here, but only to erect numerous memorials in the fortress and throughout the "road of life". All who were here agree unanimously that this is the most impressive and most grandiose museum of the Great Patriotic War, made a truly indelible impression.
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Sightseeing and excursions in Shlisselburg
Today Shlisselburg is a provincial town that can be traversed and traversed in less than two hours and where no more than twelve thousand inhabitants live. There are no large shopping centers or prosperous enterprises, even a ship repair yard that once provides a stable and high standard of living for the city is worthless.
But there is in it its charm, and it is in the ancient city square, quiet, slightly dilapidated streets, slightly negligent boat berths . And most importantly - in inexpressible words, picturesque landscapes in the unique old canals, designed not only to connect the port of Shlisselburg with the rest of the cities, but also to protect it from troubled lake water .. It beckons to the town with its ancient fortress, impregnable to the new time trends and still amazing high walls and towers, many who have seen in their times, as well as fascinating walks on simple wooden boats at the edge of an immense lake . This is an unusually picturesque area where, by the way, the river originates eva .
Photo Shlisselburg (11)